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The Stutthof concentration camp was the first to be established by the Nazi regime outside Germany's borders, and one of the last to be liberated. It was approximately 36 km east of the city of Gdansk, where the Visla river flows into the Baltic Sea. Inside the Third Reichs concentration camps were scores of evil guards capable of committing horrible and sadistic acts. English: Execution of Stutthof concentration campoverseers at Biskupia Grka(from left to right): Jenny-Wanda Barkmann, Ewa Paradies, Elisabeth Becker, Wanda Klaffand Gerda Steinhoff, further the guard SS-OberscharfhrerJohann Pauls(the chief of the work detail "Waldkolonne") and Polish kapos Date 4 July 1946 Source The sixth and the last Stutthof trial in Poland took place in 1953 also in Gdask. Bruno Dey, a 93-year-old former SS guard at the Stutthof concentration camp near what is now . In mid-1950s, a number of Nazi concentration camp commandants were sentenced to jail for supervising the murder of Jewish prisoners in gas chambers between 19421944, including Otto Knott[pl], Otto Haupt[pl] and Bernard Ldtke[pl]. Harry S: 96-year-old accused of being Nazi concentration camp guard On one occasion, she selected 1,100 of 1,400 prisoners present to be sent to their deaths. About 24,600 were transferred from Stutthof to other locations. This week, a 95-year-old woman was arrested in Germany and charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people - the first such case in recent years. 'Gorilla Glue Girl' Tessica Brown is offered a wig by Beyonce's stylist after hair disaster gets EVEN worse. [12] On February 25, 2019, it was announced that the trial is unlikely to be restarted due to the poor health conditions of the defendant. The camp was situated along the Danzig-Elbing highway on the way to the popular Baltic Sea resort town of Krynica Morska. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born on May 30, 1922, in Hamburg. The initiative for the foundation of SS companies dealing in building materials from concentration camps originated in 1937 with regional SS officials in Thuringia, especially the state's Interior Minister Hellmuth Gommlich []. Conditions in the camp were brutal. The remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Tens of thousands of people, perhaps as many as 100,000, were deported to the Stutthof camp. "We were beaten constantly, the whole time, even while working," Koryski told the Hamburg District Court. "You didn't know if the officers were acting on orders, or if they did it on their breaks," he said. The girl was later declared dead by camp doctors. In 1943, the Nazis began drafting women because of the shortage of guards. Although the guards at Stutthof were already expected to treat the prisoners ruthlessly, Jenny Barkmann stood out for her exceptional cruelty. Nicknamed 'Beautiful Spectre', she was infamous for her brutal treatment of the prisoners. A judicial officer looks at his watch prior to a trial against a 96-year-old former secretary for the SS commander of the Stutthof concentration camp at the court room in Itzehoe, Germany on . The prisoners were marched in the direction of Lauenburg in eastern Germany. Two weeks later, on September 15th 1939 . [10], Among the notable female guard personnel were: Elisabeth Becker, Erna Beilhardt, Ella Bergmann, Ella Blank, Gerda Bork, Herta Bothe, Erna Boettcher, Hermine Boettcher-Brueckner, Steffi Brillowski, Charlotte Graf, Charlotte Gregor, Charlotte Klein, Gerda Steinhoff, Ewa Paradies, and Jenny-Wanda Barkmann. After being tracked down by Nazi hunter Simon Weisenthal, in 1973, she was retried and jailed for life by a Dusseldorf court. During the Second World War, there were a huge network of concentration camps established by the Third Reich. (In Czech) In September 1939, the Nazis created the concentration camp of Stutthof (Sztutowo) in a wooded area near the Baltic port of Gdansk. The major subcamps were in Toru (Thorn) and in Elblg (Elbing). [3] The inmate population rose to 6,000 in the following two weeks, on 15 September 1939. The lamp disappeared after the SS leadership found out. They were cut off by advancing Soviet forces. It is totally illegal, hanging has to be done in a certain way and this was certainly not. [17] Between 63,000 and 65,000 people died in the camp. Karl Koch was hanged in 1944, for embezzling millions from wealthy Germans and, in 1950, Ilse was jailed for life in Germany, for war crimes. It comprised eight barracks for the inmates and a "Kommandantur" for the SS guards, totaling 120,000 square metres (1,300,000sqft). Overseeing working parties that left the camp ln slave labour, she would attack women who became too sick or weak. [17] Many died in typhus epidemics that swept the camp in the winter of 1942 and again in 1944; those whom the SS guards judged too weak or sick to work were gassed in the camp's small gas chamber. A two-year suspended sentence in line with that requested by prosecutors was handed down by the Itzehoe state court in northern Germany. Established on September 2, 1939, Stutthof was the first concentration camp outside German borders during World War II. Former secretary at Stutthof concentration camp sentenced to juvenile The Germans used Stutthof prisoners as forced laborers. [7], In late April 1945, the remaining prisoners were removed from Stutthof by sea, since the camp was completely encircled by Soviet forces. In 1945, she was captured by the American forces after attempting to flee to Bavaria. Former Nazi worker, 97, escapes jail sentence after conviction for Concentration camp guard, 93, goes on trial in Germany - CBC How healthy are India's 1.4 billion people? When she was 22, Barkmann began actively seeking work in the concentration camps. ", How nine women escaped from a Nazi death march, Historic ocean treaty agreed after decade of talks, China looks at reforms to deepen Xi's control, Inside the enclave surrounded by pro-Russia forces, 'The nurses wanted me to feel guilty about my abortion, From Afghan TV fame to a US factory floor. As a Jewish boy from Germany, the young Goldberg had already been deported to Latvia before being sent to Stutthof for slave labour. The second trial was held from 8 October to 31 October 1947, before a Polish Special Criminal Court. Jenny-Wanda Barkmann was born in Hamburg in 1921. from. Former SS guard stands trial on murder accessory charges, Germany: 92-year-old former SS guard to face trial, Former Nazi concentration camp guard on trial in Hamburg, UN states finally strike deal to protect high seas. Rajiv Kapoor family: Who is Rajiv Kapoor's ex-wife Aarti Sabharwal and did they have any children? Originally, it was a civil prison camp for political enemies of the . As Soviet forces closed in on Stutthof in late April 1945, the Nazis decided to abandon the camp and sent the remaining inmates on a death march. Support the channel by subscribing, liking, and sharing. It is estimated that around 65,000 people were murdered during the Holocaust in the Stutthof concentration camp, near the Polish city now called Gdansk. This was conflated with the separate debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, which circulated during the war, and thereafter used as proof of this during the Nuremberg trials. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. One witness said: I was working in the kitchen at Birkenau (Auschwitz) when I saw a woman, whose daughter was in an adjoining camp, go to the dividing wire in order to speak to her daughter. Stutthof camp: Woman, 95, accused of aiding Nazi mass murder She committed suicide in 1967. Quiz: How well do you know US presidents? Again, hundreds of prisoners were forced into the sea and shot. Forced labor in Nazi concentration camps - Wikipedia File : Biskupia Gorka executions - 14 - Wikipedia TTY: 202.488.0406, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, Nazi Territorial Aggression: The Anschluss, Ministry of Propaganda and Public Enlightenment, Holocaust Survivors and Victims Resource Center. UN negotiating final terms of High Seas Treaty, Tunisia labor union protests President Saied. [2], The first Polish war crimes tribunal was convened at Gdask, Poland, from April 25, 1946 to May 31, 1946. Some 28,000 of those who died were Jews. 99 - Usagineko5bai [23][22], Polish historians and employees at the IPN; Monika Tomkiewicz and Piotr Semkw, reached similar conclusions. Bothe was sentenced to 10 years in prison for war crimes. Basic Information", "Review of Profesor Rudolf Spanner 1895-1960. Other witnesses said she beat women to death with wooden sticks and shot at women who were too slow when carrying heavy containers of food. In 1962, the former concentration camp with its remaining structures, was turned into a memorial museum. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. At the time of her hanging, Barkmann was 25 years old. A total of 295 women guards worked as staff in the Stutthof complex of camps. Berlin CNN A former secretary from the Stutthof Nazi concentration camp has been charged with complicity in the murders of 10,000 people, German prosecutors said Friday, in what is a rare. Some went on to be involved in administering lethal sterilisation experiments, others helped select victims of the gas chambers, set dogs on young girls and murdered inmates before incinerating their bodies. AP . Contents Tour to stutthof concentration camp Camp Staff Prisoners Conditions Stutthof was a Nazi concentration camp established by Nazi Germany in a secluded, marshy, and wooded area near the village of Stutthof (now Sztutowo) 34 km (21 mi) east of the city of Danzig in the territory of the German-annexed Free City of Danzig.The camp was set up around existing structures after the invasion of Poland in World War II and initially used for the imprisonment of Polish . Its unknown why she would voluntarily seek work at a concentration camp so late in the war, but it was likely due to some misplaced sense of nationalism. At the Auschwitz trial in Krakow, in 1947, Mandl was declared a war criminal and was executed by hanging on Jan. 24, 1948. Stutthof. Even before the war began, the German Selbstschutz in Pomerania created lists of people to be arrested,[3] and the Nazi authorities were secretly reviewing suitable places to set up concentration camps in their area. Most of the original detainees were local Poles and Jews when Stutthof was. SS-Sturmbannfhrer Max Pauly was put on trial by a British military court in Germany but not for the crimes committed at Stutthof; only as the commandant of the Neuengamme concentration camp in Hamburg. "The main entrance gate of Stutthof became known as the Death Gate because once you entered it was more or less a death sentence," Mr Goldberg remembers. 100 Raoul Wallenberg Place, SW [2] Pauly was tried by the British for war crimes with thirteen others in the Curio Haus in Hamburg which was located in the British occupied sector of Germany. [citation needed] Until 1942, nearly all of the prisoners were Polish. There were 3,000 guards at Stutthof concentration camp alone, and only 50 were convicted. The original camp (known as the old camp) was surrounded by barbed-wire fences. At the subsequent trial, liberated prisoners said Grese - dubbed the Beautiful Beast - tortured prisoners both physically and emotionally and enjoyed shooting prisoners in cold blood. Although young, he remembers becoming part of an indispensable group of 300 prisoners who spent a year repairing railway tracks at junctions blown up by Allied forces. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. The trial is set to begin in October. He was executed by long-drop hanging by Albert Pierrepoint in Hamelin Prison on October 8, 1946. All those who worked in it were. It was not produced on an industrial scale, but still for utilitarian purpose, Soap made from human corpses Danzig Anatomical Institute, debunked rumours of industrial production of human soap in concentration camps, Learn how and when to remove this template message, Female guards in Nazi concentration camps, "History of the concentration camp in Stuttfof", "Stutthof, the first Nazi concentration camp outside Germany", "Mennonites and the Holocaust: From Collaboration to Perpetuation", Datos de 295 Mujeres Pertenecientes a la SS: Christel Bankewitz, Stutthof, "Norske vakter jobbet i Hitlers konsentrasjonsleire", "PHASE II: THE GERMAN OCCUPATION OF ESTONIA IN 19411944", "Klooga Concentration Camp and Holocauts Memorial. wikipedia.en/Identification_of_inmates_in_German_concentration_camps.md [3] Gassing with Zyklon B began in June 1944. Arraigned 27 ex-officials and guards were judged; 26 were found guilty, and one was acquitted. Twelve were sentenced to death, including the commander of the guards Johann Pauls, while the remainder were sentenced to various terms of imprisonment. Dachau KZ: STUTTHOF CONCENTRATION CAMP PART 9/10 - Blogger Frankly, a nice sight. The 93-year-old faces 5,230 counts of accessory to murder. It was also the final camp liberated by the Allies in May 1945. [1] When the Soviet army began its advance through German-occupied Estonia in July and August 1944, the camp staff of Klooga concentration camp evacuated the majority of the inmates by sea and sent them to Stutthof. Between 1933 and 1945, Nazi Germany and its allies established more than 44,000 camps and other incarceration sites (including ghettos). Marching in severe winter conditions and treated brutally by SS guards, thousands died during the march. If I ever meet up with you I WILL kill you. Germany: Ex-Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him | The 99-year Former SS guard, 94, weeps at testimony of Holocaust survivors Set up immediately upon Germany's September 1, 1939 invasion of Poland and not liberated until after official German capitulation in 1945, Stutthoff handled over 100,000 prisoners during its long service. Why Are There Superstitions Around Black Cats? It was surrounded by electrified barbed-wire fences. In 1943, the camp was enlarged and a new camp was constructed alongside the earlier one. It has been estimated that over 25,000 prisoners, one in two, died during the evacuation from Stutthof and its subcamps. [15] It is believed that inmates sent for immediate execution were not registered. In December, a 97-year-old former Nazi camp secretary was found guilty of being complicit in the murder of over 10,000 people at the Stutthof concentration camp that was located in occupied Poland. Former Stutthof SS guard Bruno Dey, now 93, is standing trial in Germany, charged as an accessory to the murder of 5,230 Jews from 1944 to 1945. . Inside of the barbed wire fences, horror and brutality was administered by the SS. Who is Rod Ponton and why has he gone viral? Arraigned 20 ex-officials and guards were judged; nineteen were found guilty, and one was acquitted. The Germans forced the surviving prisoners back to Stutthof. National Socialism is destruction , terror, repression, waste, and death. German Earth and Stone Works (DEST) was an SS-owned company founded on 29 April 1938 for the exploitation of prisoner labor in the concentration camps for the . Main telephone: 202.488.0400 Situated near Sztutowo, a small town about. He was found guilty and sentenced to death with 11 other defendants. Prisoners sent straight to gas chambers didn't receive anything. The fifth trial was held before the court in Toru in 1949. [2][5], The last two trials in Poland concerning two Stutthof concentration camp officials took place four years apart. He added that his "work" had involved cleaning the crematorium, which meant loading bones and other burnt remains onto a cart to be thrown into a trench. Former Nazi SS camp guard found guilty by German court - NBC News They were publicly hanged before a large crowd, estimated at several thousand, at 5.00 p.m. on July 4th, 1946 at Biskupia Gorka hill near Danzig. Luxury Car Tours. (06.11.2018), The man is accused of being complicit in the deaths of 5,230 inmates during a period of almost a year working as a guard at the Stutthof concentration camp. At a hill in Gdansk known as Biskupia Gorka (Bishop Hill), upon a specially-erected row of four T-shaped double gallows centered around a pi-shaped triple gallows, and before a crowd of thousands, the doomed eleven were noosed on the back of military trucks which then drove away to leave them strangling to death with a short drop hanging. Thousands of SS guards were granted transfers from camps to field service, said Stefan Hrdler, yet Dey had remained at Stutthof until April 1945. Nazi prison camp where inmates were forced to EAT each other The event drew an immense crowd of approximately 200,000 people, and due to humanitarian concerns, authorities refrained from organizing further public executions. An Israeli witness who survived the Nazi death camp at Stutthof has described how SS guards staged sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners. More than 85,000 victims died in the camp out of as many as 110,000 inmates deported there. In November 1941, it became a "labor education" camp (like Dachau), administered by the German Security Police. Explore a timeline of events that occurred before, during, and after the Holocaust. Germany: Accused Nazi camp guard dies, ending case against him He was executed November 8 in Wloclawek[7][8]. The 99-year-old was under investigation over suspected complicity in the murders that took place at the Ravensbrck Nazi concentration camp, where tens of thousands of women were killed. Nazi concentration camp guard convicted over 5,232 murders Ex-SS guard convicted in Germany's 'last' Holocaust trial Nazi secretary, 97, convicted for role in 10,000 murders at death camp If convicted, he faces a possible six months to 10 years in prison. In September 1939, the Germans established the Stutthof camp in a wooded area west of Stutthof (Sztutowo), a town about 22 miles east of Danzig (Gdansk). Finally, in January 1942, Stutthof became a regular concentration camp. She was also notorious for beating inmates unconscious, often with a rubber truncheon, and she once pushed an old lady down a flight of stairs, killing her instantly. Shortly before the German surrender, some prisoners were transferred to Malmo, Sweden, and released to the care of that neutral country. While I was standing, she kicked me in my back, causing me to fall. The Holocaust Encyclopedia estimates that (less officially) some 105 Stutthof subcamps were established throughout northern and central Poland. Standing at 6ft 3in, Hertha Botte was an imposing figure, who also stood out from other SS guards because she wore civilian clothing instead of the hated uniform. Speaking through an interpreter, Koryski said he had seen SS guards put on sadistic "shows" to torture prisoners, includingoneinstance in which a son was forced to beat his father to death in front of other inmates.