The word mestizo acquired another meaning in the 1930 census, being used by the government to refer to all Mexicans who did not speak Indigenous languages regardless of ancestry. terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to. Mestizo culture quickly became the most successful and dominant culture in El Salvador. 11 - Muslim and Arab Americans, Anderson's Business Law and the Legal Environment, Comprehensive Volume, David Twomey, Marianne Jennings, Stephanie Greene, Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management, Information Technology Project Management: Providing Measurable Organizational Value, John David Jackson, Patricia Meglich, Robert Mathis, Sean Valentine. The term was in circulation in Mexico in the late nineteenth century, along with similar terms, cruzamiento ("crossing") and mestizacin (process of "Mestizo-izing"). The term includes a wide variety of phenotypes and any combination of racial admixture. c. growth of the Hispanic population They are more likely to agree that a college degree is unnecessary to get ahead in life. The terms mestizo and metis (as well as such comparable words a half-caste, half-breed, ladino, cholo, coyote, and so on) have been and are now frequently used in Anishinabe-waki (the Americas) to refer to large numbers of people who are either of mixed European and Anishinabe (Native American) racial background or who poses a so-called mixed Which of the following economic trends is prevalent among Hispanics? In some Latin American countries, such as Mexico, the concept of the Mestizo became central to the formation of a new independent identity that was neither wholly Spanish nor wholly Indigenous. b. young Cuban Americans accepting Anglo culture a. With Mexican independence, in academic circles created by the "mestizaje" or "Cosmic Race" ideology, scholars asserted that Mestizos are the result of the mixing of all the races. b. family Mulattos make up smaller shares of the populations in those countries at most 4%, according to national censuses or other surveys. Occasionally it is used for a Filipino with apparent Chinese ancestry, who will also be referred to as 'chinito'. 1590s, "one who is the offspring of a European and a black African," from Spanish or Portuguese mulato "of mixed breed," literally "young mule," from mulo "mule," from Latin mulus (fem. & \textbf{B} & \textbf{F} & \textbf{L} & \textbf{R}\\ Mestizo noun The offspring of an Indian or a negro and a European or person of European stock. c. Language acquisition 'Za' is typically used as a slang term for pizza, whereas 'zo' is typically used as a slang term for the zoo. Pew Research Center does not take policy positions. terebinth tree symbolism; hp pavilion 27xi won't turn on; the calypso resort and towers; scarlet spider identity; am i having a heart attack female quiz; upload music to radio stations; que significa dormir con las piernas flexionadas hacia arriba; Mestizos are the largest of all the ethnic groups, and comprise 70% of the current population. This reflects a different colonial era, when the French recruited East Asians as workers.[18]. Mixed is mixed and not just so because you have Iberian you are "mestizo". Sonora shows the highest European contribution (70.63%) and Guerrero the lowest (51.98%) which also has the highest Native American contribution (37.17%). [30] In Chiapas, the term Ladino is used instead of Mestizo.[32]. C. immersion. "[35] Anthropologist Federico Navarrete concludes that reintroducing racial classification, and accepting itself as a multicultural country, as opposed to a monolithic mestizo country, would bring benefits to Mexican society as a whole. mulatto. 1715) Public domain image Sistema de Castas (or Society of Castes) was a porous racial classification system in colonial New Spain (present-day Mexico ). d. after the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, c. had professional or managerial backgrounds, The early immigrants of the first Cuban wave _____. In Chile, from the time the Spanish soldiers with Pedro de Valdivia entered northern Chile, a process of 'mestizaje' began where Spaniards began to intermarry and reproduce with the local bellicose Mapuche population of Indigenous Chileans to produce an overwhelmingly mestizo population during the first generation in all of the cities they founded. 10.6% is of African ancestry, though those of at least some* partial African ancestry raise the percentage to well over half of the entire country's population. According to D'Ambrosio[53] 57.1% of Mestizos have mostly European characteristics, 28.5% have mostly African characteristics and 14.2% have mostly Amerindian characteristics. The term was used as an ethnic/racial category for mixed-race castas that . Majority of Hispanic voters in the US prefer the Republicans over the Democrats 1 22. Although Mestizos were often classified as castas, they had a higher standing than any mixed-race person since they did not have to pay tribute, the men could be ordained as priests, and they could be licensed to carry weapons, in contrast to negros, mulattoes, and other castas. Wealthy people paid to change or obscure their actual ancestry. Daz's Minister of Education, Justo Sierra published The Political Evolution of the Mexican People (1902), which situated Mexican identity in the mixing of European whites and Amerindians. [citation needed]. They were useful intermediaries for the colonial state between the Republic of Spaniards and the Republic of Indians.[25]. b. ethclass. June 29, 2022. Question. [31] In the Yucatn Peninsula, the word mestizo has a different meaning to the one used in the rest of Mexico, being used to refer to the Maya-speaking populations living in traditional communities, because during the Caste War of Yucatn of the late 19th century those Maya who did not join the rebellion were classified as mestizos. Historical evidence and census supports the explanation of "strong sexual asymmetry", as a result of a strong bias favoring children born to European man and Indigenous women, and to the important Indigenous male mortality during the conquest. In the Spanish colonial period, the Spanish developed a complex set of racial terms and ways to describe difference. You do see sometimes that old words that are applied to traditionally marginalized . Mexicans are "the sons of two peoples, of two races. These findings reflect the challenges the U.S. Census Bureau faces when measuring Hispanic racial identity. Miguel Cabrera 1763. C) biological races. B) the color gradient. Frederick, Jake. c. 71% voters in the district are ineligible to vote due to insolvency or lunacy c. High levels of accountability El Salvador is the only country in Central America that does not have a significant African population due to many factors including El Salvador not having a Caribbean coast, and because of president Maximiliano Hernndez Martnez, who passed racial laws to keep people of African descent and others out of El Salvador, though Salvadorans with African ancestry, called Pardos, were already present in El Salvador, the majority are tri-racial Pardo Salvadorans who largely cluster with the Mestizo population. d. Majority of the Latinos vote for political parties that promote policies with strict immigration laws. Mestizo noun A person of mixed ancestry, especially one of Spanish and Native American heritage. d. The gap between the Whites and the Latinos in both income and poverty levels has remained relatively constant. terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to. terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to long island accent words trees that smell like sperm australia An inspirational, peaceful, listening experience. In Caribbean countries and Brazil, where populations with African ancestry are larger, mulattos make up a larger share of the population 11% in the Dominican Republic and 47% in Brazil. Log in for more information. By the late 20th century, allusions in textbooks and political discourse to "whiteness," or to Spain as the "mother country" of all Costa Ricans, were diminishing, replaced with a recognition of the multiplicity of peoples that make up the nation. In Brazil specifically, at least in modern times, all non-Indigenous people are considered to be a single ethnicity (os brasileiros. Terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to: The color gradient. a. form coalitions with Cuban Americans, Mexican Americans, or Puerto Ricans "Spanish and Indian produce Mestizo", 1780. \text{Cost of goods sold} & \text{(c)} & 1,230 &7,490 & 43,300\\ The second wave of Cuban immigration began in 1965 as a result of the outcome of a(n) ______ between Cuba and US. [citation needed], Over time Colombia has become a primarily Mestizo country due to limited immigration from Europe in the 19th and 20th centuries, with the minorities being: the mulattoes and pardos, both mixed race groups of significant partial African ancestry who live primarily in coastal regions among other Afro-Colombians; and pockets of Amerindians living around the rural areas and the Amazonian Basin regions of the country. Menu. In the Portuguese-speaking world, the contemporary sense has been the closest to the historical usage from the Middle Ages. It is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. Winthrop Wright, Cafe Con Leche: Race, Class and National Image in Venezuela. Decide whether the following statement is true or false makes sense. c. Latinos have a stronger financial background than other cultural groups. A) biological race B) ethnic class C) color gradient D) social gradient Correct Answer: Access For Free Tags Add Choose question tag 10+ million students use Quizplus to study and prepare for their homework, quizzes and exams through 20m+ questions in 300k quizzes. In Spanish America, the colonial-era system of castas sought to differentiate between individuals and groups on the basis of a hierarchical classification by ancestry, skin color, and status (calidad), giving separate labels to the perceived categorical differences and privileging whiteness. Mestiza, Mulatto and Mulatto (De mulato y mestiza, produce mulato, es torna atrs) (Juan Rodriguez Jurez, ca. His first trip occurred in 1528, when he accompanied his father, Hernn Corts, who sought to have him legitimized by Pope Clement VII, the Pope of Rome from 1523 to 1534. [citation needed]. terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to. Sarars differ from mulatos at being fair-skinned (rather than brown-skinned), and having non-straight blond or red hair. 'Zu' is used as the shortened form of various Greek prepositions. About Pew Research Center Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan fact tank that informs the public about the issues, attitudes and trends shaping the world. 5% voters do not speak English Legal status is a major issue within the Latino community, except for ______. BeginninginventoryPurchasesPurchasereturnsandallowancesNetpurchasesFreight-inCostofgoodspurchasedCostofgoodsavailableforsaleEndinginventoryCostofgoodssoldB$1801,62040(a)110(b)1,870250(c)F$701,060(d)1,030(e)1,2801,350(f)1,230L$1,000(g)2906,210(h)7,940(i)1,4507,490R$(j)43,590(k)41,0902,240(l)49,5306,23043,300. As early as 1533, Charles V mandated the high court (Audiencia) to take the children of Spanish men and Indigenous women from their mothers and educate them in the Spanish sphere. photo: Creative Commons . c. Mestizo De mestizo e India, sale coiote (From a Mestizo man and an Indigenous American woman, a Coyote is begotten). c. Miami Across Latin America, these are the two terms most commonly used to describe people of mixed-race background. c. Church [34] Paradoxically to its wide definition, the word mestizo has long been dropped off popular Mexican vocabulary, with the word sometimes having pejorative connotations,[30] which further complicates attempts to quantify mestizos via self-identification. b. Marielitos Similarly, well before the twentieth century, Euramerican "descent" did not necessarily denote Spanish American ancestry or solely Spanish American ancestry, especially in Andean regions re-infrastructured by Euramerican "modernities" and buffeted by mining labor practices. \text{Beginning inventory} & \$\hspace{10pt} 180 & \$\hspace{15pt} 70 & \$1,000 &\text{\$\hspace{20pt} (j)}\\ In the same way, mestio, a term used to describe anyone with any degree of miscegenation in one's blood line, may apply to all said groups (that in Portugal and its ex-colonies, always depended solely on phenotype, meaning a brown person may have a full sibling of all other basic phenotypes and thus ethnic groups). When compared to African Americans, Latinos _______. Approximately 37% is of mainly European ancestry, although with an average of 24% native, (predominantly Spanish, and a part of Italian, French, and German) and of Middle Eastern ancestry. Due to the extensiveness of the modern definition of mestizo, various publications offer different estimations of this group, some try to use a biological, racial perspective and calculate the mestizo population in contemporary Mexico as being around a half and two-thirds of the population,[33] while others use the culture-based definition, and estimate the percentage of mestizos as high as 90%[12] of the Mexican population, several others mix-up both due lack of knowledge in regards to the modern definition and assert that mixed ethnicity Mexicans are as much as 93% of Mexico's population. When the First Mexican Republic was established in 1824, legal racial categories ceased to exist. Majority of the first generation Latinos are Protestants. 1. Other Indigenous groups in the country such as Maya Poqomam people, Maya Ch'orti' people, Alaguilac, Xinca people, Mixe and Mangue language people became culturally extinct due to the mestizo process or diseases brought by the Spaniards. ", There has been considerable work on race and race mixture in various parts of Latin America in recent years. Sometimes even used as a general term for any Hispanic person of mixed racial origins. c. They are more likely to aspire to enroll in colleges compared to the Whites. mestiza) is a term used for racial classification to refer to a person of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry. The mestizo historian Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, son of Spanish conquistador Sebastin Garcilaso de la Vega and of the Inca princess Isabel Chimpo Oclloun arrived in Spain from Peru. Terms such as mestizo, Hondurans, mulatto, Columbians, and African Panamanians reflect which concept? \end{array} [44], In Central America, intermarriage by European men with Indigenous women, typically of Lenca, Cacaopera and Pipil backgrounds in what is now El Salvador happened almost immediately after the arrival of the Spaniards led by Pedro de Alvarado. [7] The term was used as an ethnic/racial category for mixed-race castas that evolved during the Spanish Empire. b. with the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act Daz was mixed-race himself, but powdered his dark skin to hide his Mixtec Indigenous ancestry. Cholos/Cholas had one Indian parent and one Mestizo parent. Fill in the lettered blanks to complete the cost of goods sold sections. This is coupled with the fact that two-thirds of U.S. Hispanic adults consider being Hispanic as part of their racial background, not just an ethnicity. a. "[55] A constitutional changes to Article 4 that now says that the "Mexican Nation has a pluricultural composition, originally based on its Indigenous peoples. The study found that there was an increase in Indigenous ancestry as one traveled towards to the Southern states in Mexico, while the Indigenous ancestry declined as one traveled to the Northern states in the country, such as Sonora. exchange 2 factor authentication; example of article about covid-19; wafer brand crossword clue; riptide swim team coaches . Terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to? From the 1930s to the early 1950s, journalistic and official antisemitic campaigns fueled harassment of Jews; however, by the 1950s and 1960s, the immigrants won greater acceptance. Among these descendants are the Counts of Miravalle, and the Dukes of Moctezuma de Tultengo, who became part of the Spanish peerage and left many descendants in Europe. c. had professional or managerial backgrounds a. rapid growth in population [42] The first sizable group of self-identified Jews immigrated from Poland, beginning in 1929. This article is about the Spanish term. \text{Purchase returns and allowances} & 40 & \text{(d)} & 290 & \text{(k)}\\ D) ethclass. Low levels of wealth Then, those, neither Afro- nor fair-skinned, whose origins come from the admixture between white or morenos and Afros or cafuzos. There is a significant Arab population (of about 100,000), mostly from Palestine (especially from the area of Bethlehem), but also from Lebanon. African contribution ranges from 2.8% in Sonora to 11.13% in Veracruz. To this day, Afro-Colombians form a majority in several coastal regions of the country. b. policies that have facilitated English voters The European ancestry was more prevalent in the north and west (66.795%) and Native American ancestry increased in the centre and south-east (3750%), the African ancestry was low and relatively homogeneous (08.8%). B. remittances. [14][15] Its usage was documented as early as 1275, to refer to the offspring of an Egyptian/Afro Hamite and a Semite/Afro Asiatic. mestizo, plural mestizos, feminine mestiza, any person of mixed blood. \text{Net purchases} & \text{(a)} & 1,030 & 6,210 & 41,090\\ Similarly, the term mulatto mulato in Spanish commonly refers to a mixed-race ancestry that includes white European and black African roots. Other ethnic groups known to live in Costa Rica include Nicaraguan, Colombians, Venezuelans, Peruvian, Brazilians, Portuguese, Palestinians, Caribbeans, Turks, Armenians, and Georgians. The law will protect and promote the development of their languages, cultures, uses, customs, resources, and specific forms of social organization and will guarantee their members effective access to the jurisdiction of the State. But for many U.S. Latinos, mixed-race identity takes on a different meaning one that is tied to Latin Americas colonial history and commonly includes having a white and indigenous, or mestizo, background somewhere in their ancestry. Mestizo - Someone of mixed European and ameridian ancestry. [10], In the modern era, particularly in Latin America, mestizo has become more of a cultural term, with the term Indigenous being reserved exclusively for people who have maintained a separate Indigenous ethnic and cultural identity, language, tribal affiliation, community engagement, etc. d. adapt to a new culture and urban life with ease, SOC 321 Chapter 10 - Mexican Americans and Pu, SOC 270: Ch 10 - Mexican Americans and Puerto, SOC 270: Ch. d. Cuba, Marielitos refer to ______. Jos Joaqun Magn. Lines between ethnic groups are historically fluid); since the earliest years of the Brazilian colony, the mestio ([mest()isu], Portuguese pronunciation:[met()isu], [mit()isu]) group has been the most numerous among the free people. [51][failed verification], According to Alberto Flores Galindo, "By the 1940 census, the last that utilized racial categories, Mestizos were grouped with white, and the two constituted more than 53% of the population. Racial Mixture in eighteenth-century Mexico: Mestizo, Castizo, Spaniard, Mulatto, Morisco, Chino, Salta-atrs, Lobo, Jibaro, Albarazado, Cambujo, Zambaigo . (There are mestios among all major groups of the country: Indigenous, Asian, pardo, and African, and they likely constitute the majority in the three latter groups.). Many Indigenous people left their traditional villages and sought to be counted as Mestizos to avoid tribute payments to the Spanish. d. political parties refrained from acknowledging them, Established political parties began recognizing Latinos as a force in the election process primarily through the _______. This right of inheritance was generally given to children of free women, who tended to be legitimate offspring in cases of concubinage (this was a common practice in certain American Indian and African cultures). [17], Espaol, India, Mestizo. In 1932, ruthless dictator Maximiliano Hernndez Martnez was responsible for La Matanza ("The Slaughter"), known as the 1932 Salvadoran peasant massacre in which the Indigenous people were murdered in an effort to wipe out the Indigenous people in El Salvador during the 1932 Salvadoran peasant uprising. June 30, 2022 . The sharp White-Black divide is absent in home countries of the Latinos, where race, as socially constructed, tends to be along a _______. d. The gap between the Whites and the Latinos in both income and poverty levels has remained relatively constant. [21] This mixed group born out of Christian wedlock increased in numbers, generally living in their mother's Indigenous communities. Mexican novelist Carlos Fuentes's novel La frontera de cristal (1995; The Crystal Frontier), which is set on the U.S.-Mexico border, begins with the impressions of a young, aristocratic criolla from Mexico City on her first visit to the border region of northern Mexico.1 Prepared by her Blue Guide tour book, which tells her that "there is absolutely nothing of interest" (Crystal Frontier . a. poor Hispanic presence at the polls In English-speaking Canada, Canadian Mtis (capitalized), as a loanword from French, refers to persons of mixed French or European and Indigenous ancestry, who were part of a particular ethnic group. In contrast, the idea of modern mestizaje is the positive unity of a nation's citizenry based on racial mixture. a. lack of recognition of the growing Latino presence by political parties If the ending balance in accounts payable decreases from one period to the next, which of the following is true? Mestizo, India, Coyote. b. Non-Hispanics often view the diverse group of Latino Americans as one collective group. "Interrogating Blood Lines: "Purity of Blood," the Inquisition, and, This page was last edited on 2 March 2023, at 03:48. After the Mexican Revolution the government, in its attempts to create an unified Mexican identity with no racial distinctions, adopted and actively promoted the "mestizaje" ideology. During the initial period of colonization of the Americas by the Spanish, there were three chief categories of ethnicities: Spaniard (espaol), American Indian (indio), and African (negro). One does not need to be a mestio to be classified as pardo or caboclo. a. missile crisis What is (A) The use of terms such as mestizo, mulatto, and creole 300 "In the year of our Lord 1315, hunger grew in the land. c. political ambitions of their illegal immigrants a. The last group is composed of descendants of Amerindians or caboclos and Afros or other cafuzos. [50], During the colonial era, the majority of Ecuadorians were Amerindians and the minorities were the Spanish conquistadors, who came with Francisco Pizarro and Sebastin de Belalczar. long dress Related questions At do. c. the color gradient. Latino community leaders derisively label candidates' fascination with Latino concerns near election time as ______. To refer to non-White racial and ethnic groups collectively, use terms such as "people of color" or "underrepresented groups" rather than "minorities." The use of "minority" may be viewed pejoratively because it is usually equated with being less than, oppressed, or deficient in comparison with the majority (i.e., White people). The United States has a large Mestizo population, as many Latino Americans of Mexican or Central American or South American descent are technically Mestizo. Mestizo is an ugly word used by the Spanish/French, again another way for colonized mentality. The remaining groups are white, black, indi- genous, mulatto, and other.17 Urban dwellers . He lived in the town of Montilla, Andaluca, where he died in 1616. [51] This was introduced to eliminate any sense of racial superiority, and also to end the predominantly Spanish influence in Paraguay. \text{Purchases} & 1,620 & 1,060 & \text{(g)} & 43,590\\ Summary. Multiracial is used to describe people with blended ancestries. a. Puerto Ricans d. The first wave stopped with the missile crisis of 1962, when all legal movement between the two nations was halted. It is erroneous to categorize Chicano/as as immigrants (which implies that they are newly . 10. . \\ The next 30% of the population is comprised by four ethnic groups with about 7.5% each, the Montubio (a term for Mestizos from the inland countryside of coastal Ecuador - who are culturally distinct from Mestizos from the rest of the country), Afro-Ecuadorian, Amerindians, and Europeans. mestiza) is a term used for racial classification to refer to a person of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry. A genetic study by the same university showed that the average Chilean's genes in the Mestizo segment are 60% European and 40% Indigenous American. a. Cholo is also the word for coyote. 13 - Chinese Americans and Japan, SOC 270: Ch. Entering the city we consider 'them that are consumed with famine' when we see the poor and needy, crushed with hunger, lying stiff and dead in the wards and streets." Johannes de Trokelowe, English monk . d. Fiesta politics, The most important formal organization in the Hispanic community is the ______. In the late nineteenth century during the rule of Porfirio Daz, elites sought to be, act, and look like modern Europeans, that is, different from the majority of the Mexican population. As explained above, the concept of mestio should not be confused with mestizo as used in either the Spanish-speaking world or the English-speaking one. While for most of its history the concept of mestizo and mestizaje has been lauded by Mexico's intellectual circles, in recent times the concept has been a target of criticism, with its detractors claiming that it delegitimizes the importance of ethnicity in Mexico under the idea of "(racism) not existing here (in Mexico), as everybody is mestizo. zo me-st- ()z plural mestizos : a person of mixed blood specifically : a person of mixed European and Indigenous American ancestry compare mestiza Example Sentences d. the communist government being overturned, c. have increased in numbers even faster than that of Mexicans or any other group, Immigrants from Central and South American _______. c. war This ideological stance is in contrast to the term miscegenation, which usually has negative connotations. d. The first wave stopped with the missile crisis of 1962, when all legal movement between the two nations was halted. 1615 L St. NW, Suite 800Washington, DC 20036USA LEAVE A COMMENT: Costa Rica has four small minority groups: Mulattos, Afro, Indigenous Costa Ricas, and Asians. Concepts of multiracial identity have been present in Latin America since colonial times. It conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, media content analysis and other empirical social science research. a. Republicans This conception changed by the 1920s, especially after the national advancement and cultural economics of indigenismo. \text{Cost of goods purchased} & \text{(b)} & 1,280 & 7,940 & \text{(l)}\\ Casta painting. [36], A 2012 study published by the Journal of Human Genetics found that the Y-chromosome (paternal) ancestry of the average Mexican mestizo was predominantly European (64.9%), followed by Native American (30.8%), and African (4.2%). When asked if they identify as mestizo, mulatto or some other mixed-race combination, one-third of U.S. Hispanics say they do, according to a 2014 Pew Research Center survey of Hispanic adults. Terms such as mulatto colombians and mestizo hondurans refer to a(n) _____. b. The Spanish caste system outlined all the different ways the native peoples in New Spain had mixed with Africans and Europeans and the names and rights associated with each combination. c. The first wave was considered to be the most controversial to the extent that these refugees were socially undesirable. c. immigrants from Puerto Rico Over 40% of the 700,000 new maquiladora jobs created in the 1990's were eliminated by 2003 in favor of cheaper labor in ____ A) Puerto Rico. Casta (Spanish: ) is a term which means "lineage" in Spanish and Portuguese and has historically been used as a racial and social identifier.In the context of the Spanish Empire in the Americas, the term also refers to a now-discredited 20th-century theoretical framework which postulated that colonial society operated under a hierarchical race-based "caste system". a. There is also verified evidence of the grandchildren of Moctezuma II, Aztec emperor, whose royal descent the Spanish Crown acknowledged, willingly having set foot on European soil. Amerindians comprise 3.4% of the population. \text{Cost of goods available for sale} & 1,870 & 1,350 & \text{(i)} & 49,530\\ They are also more likely than Latino adults who do not identify as mixed race to be non-Mexican (45% vs. 36%) and to have a higher educational attainment (45% have some college or more, versus 27%). b. the lack of Latino teachers to cater to the needs of Latino students d. Cuban immigrants. Terms such as mulatto and mestizo refer to a) Biological races b) Ethclass c) The color gradient d) Cuban immigrants. 18th c Mexico. Including 'za', 'zo', 'zu', 'zy', and 'zz'. The term octoroon referred to a person with one-eighth African ancestry; [that is, someone with family heritage of one biracial grandparent, in other words, one African great-grandparent and seven Caucasian great-grandparents.