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The area is further divided into six-mile segments using range lines that run parallel to the principal meridian and township lines that run parallel to the baselines. Graphic depiction of the Rectangular Survey System. TRID Guidelines & Compliance Checklist | What is TRID? Using principal meridians and baselines as points of reference, land areas are divided by two kinds of lines, township lines and range lines. The Rectangular Survey System provides for a unit of land approximately 24 miles square, bounded by base lines running east and west, and meridians running north and south. The Rectangular Survey System, also known as the Government Survey System or Public Land Survey System, is a method of plotting land boundaries in the United States using a large grid made up of rectangles. Government Rectangular Survey System (GRSS) And Torrens System Government Rectangular Survey System (GRSM) Land survey system primarily used throughout the US but not within the original 13 colonies which are based upon the Meters & Bounds Theory Based upon the longitude and latitude lines and then ultimately upon the meridian (vertical . An area bounded on two sides by guide meridians and on the other two sides by correction lines is called a government check, check, or quadrangle, which is 24 miles square, meaning each of its boundaries is 24 miles long. as starting points. -also known as the Public Land Survey System (PLSS), because it was originally, used to survey federally owned blocks of land-is regulated by the, The rectangular government survey system is used in 30 western and southern states. Moreover, the astronomical observations will then determine the areas latitude and longitude. ","hasArticle":false,"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/authors/9566"}}],"primaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":33793,"title":"Real Estate Licensure Exam","slug":"real-estate-licensure-exam","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33793"}},"secondaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"tertiaryCategoryTaxonomy":{"categoryId":0,"title":null,"slug":null,"_links":null},"trendingArticles":null,"inThisArticle":[],"relatedArticles":{"fromBook":[],"fromCategory":[{"articleId":274757,"title":"How to P-R-E-P-A-R-E for the Real Estate License Exam","slug":"how-to-p-r-e-p-a-r-e-for-the-real-estate-license-exam","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","study-skills-test-prep","real-estate-licensure-exam"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274757"}},{"articleId":274752,"title":"Real Estate License Exam: 10 Things to Find Out About State Real Estate Law","slug":"real-estate-license-exam-10-things-to-find-out-about-state-real-estate-law","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","study-skills-test-prep","real-estate-licensure-exam"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274752"}},{"articleId":274740,"title":"How to Make Mortgage Calculations without a Fancy Calculator","slug":"how-to-make-mortgage-calculations-without-a-fancy-calculator","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","study-skills-test-prep","real-estate-licensure-exam"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/274740"}},{"articleId":244375,"title":"Real Estate License Exam: Measuring Area and Volume","slug":"real-estate-license-exam-measuring-area-and-volume","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","study-skills-test-prep","real-estate-licensure-exam"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/244375"}},{"articleId":207902,"title":"Real Estate License Exams For Dummies Cheat Sheet","slug":"real-estate-license-exams-for-dummies-cheat-sheet","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","study-skills-test-prep","real-estate-licensure-exam"],"_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/articles/207902"}}]},"hasRelatedBookFromSearch":true,"relatedBook":{"bookId":282532,"slug":"real-estate-license-exams-for-dummies-with-online-practice-tests-4th-edition","isbn":"9781119724858","categoryList":["academics-the-arts","study-skills-test-prep","real-estate-licensure-exam"],"amazon":{"default":"https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1119724856/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","ca":"https://www.amazon.ca/gp/product/1119724856/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","indigo_ca":"http://www.tkqlhce.com/click-9208661-13710633?url=https://www.chapters.indigo.ca/en-ca/books/product/1119724856-item.html&cjsku=978111945484","gb":"https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/1119724856/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20","de":"https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/1119724856/ref=as_li_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=wiley01-20"},"image":{"src":"https://catalogimages.wiley.com/images/db/jimages/9781119724858.jpg","width":250,"height":350},"title":"Real Estate License Exams For Dummies with Online Practice Tests","testBankPinActivationLink":"https://testbanks.wiley.com","bookOutOfPrint":true,"authorsInfo":"\n

John A. Yoegel, PhD, is a certified real estate instructor and former board member of the Real Estate Educators Association. Its worth noting quadrangles are not used when identifying land with the rectangular survey method, only the principal meridians, baselines, and townships and sections. Just imagine you are to layout an area of land based on the geography, the meets, and bound system will show you the visible marks of the land. A full rectangular survey system property description might read: By entering your email address and clicking the Submit button, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy & to receive electronic communications from Dummies.com, which may include marketing promotions, news and updates. A system established in 1785 by the federal government, providing for surveying and describing land by reference to principal meridians. The guide meridians occur every 24 miles east and west of the principal meridian. Guide meridians and standard parallels form quadrangles. The PLSS typically divides land into 6-mile-square townships. The numbering then moves from right to left across that first upper tier. A Metes and Bounds survey may read something like commencing from the large apple tree 1 mile to the north, west along the river bed. However, rivers can be moved, and trees can die, so as you can see, this method is wildly inaccurate over time. A system of fractional sections and government lots are parts of standard practice to account for these discrepancies.\r\n\r\nSo how does the system describe land? A Metes and Bounds survey may read something like commencing from the large apple tree 1 mile to the north, west along the river bed. According to historian Matthew Dennis, this rectangular survey system allowed the leaders of the young government to apply their "nationalistic, scientific, and engineering mentality in transforming the continental landscape of North America, reconceptualizing its space, subduing and organizing it, and distributing it to white yeoman farmers in The principal meridians are not located in equal distances from one another. Sections also are numbered consecutively. These range lines form ranges. In other words, after section number 6, it drops down to 7 on the next tier then goes left to right to number 12. Each township is further divided into 36 sections of one square mile each, or 640 acres, by horizontal and vertical section lines. Principal meridians, baselines, and where they intersect (cross each other) are used as the basis for formulating property descriptions in this system. Prior to the land ordinance of 1785 and the Rectangular Survey System, the state lands state which would be the 13 colonies, surveyed their land with meets and bound system. How Do Metes and Bounds Differ From the Rectangular Survey System? The rectangular survey or government survey describes land by reference to a. After six years of aircrew service in the Air Force, he earned his MBA from the University of Phoenix following a BS from the University of Maryland. A rectangular survey is read based on the state and meridian line and the property's location, directionally, to that line. There are various issues with the names on the very small land parcels in several states. You may even see a question or two about the numbering system used for sections. The township is the basic unit of measurement in the rectangular survey system. The coordinates are then used to create a legal description for the property. From this initial . The first sets of lines respectively are called principal meridians, which run north and south, and baselines, which run east and west. Constructive Notice in Real Estate Overview & Law | What is Constructive Notice? There is more than one type of legal description you must know for your exam. The section in the uppermost northeast corner of a township is section 1. Shawn Custer has taught college-level English, composition, and literature for over six years. A township in this system can be both a line and the square of land created by the township lines and range lines. Dont Miss: Can The Government Help Me With Rent. The legal description of the property's location usually begins with the state and the principal meridian number followed by the township information. Longitude and latitude are imaginary lines that divide the earth through the north and south poles (longitude) and run parallel with the equator (latitude). )

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Figuring out the size of a piece of property, which sometimes is called a parcel, is simple, if you keep in mind that youre always dealing with a section of 640 acres. Monuments are also placed at quarter-section corners and at other important points, such as the corners of government lots. The second row down continues being numbered west to east or left to right. Definition of "Government rectangular survey". For example, a Bound could be a road, tree, river, or large rock. Township lines, which run east and west, parallel to baselines, are horizontal parallel lines that form township tiers.\r\n\r\nThink about two lines running from left to right across this page about an inch apart. For example, how many acres are there if you take the North East of the South 1/2 of section 3 in township 8 North and range 5 west? Doing the math, its 1/2 1/4 640 = 80 acres.

\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_274746\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"556\"] A quarter section can be split into smaller parts. Section 1 within any township is always located at the upper right or northeast corner of the township. The first is the Metes and Bounds surveythe second is the Rectangular Survey System, also known as the Government Survey System or Public Lands Survey System. Annexation in Real Estate: Method & Laws | What is Annexation? They are often combined to create a more accurate map of property boundaries. Course Hero is not sponsored or endorsed by any college or university. Dont Miss: Work From Home Government Jobs. Join over 10,000 subscribers and pass your exam today! Additionally, the terms used in the Rectangular Survey System can have different meanings under other systems of measurement and governmental designations. All township locations are defined by referencing how from they are from the principal meridian and baseline. You may even see a question or two about the numbering system used for sections. All lands in the public domain are subject to subdivision by this rectangular system of surveys. {"appState":{"pageLoadApiCallsStatus":true},"articleState":{"article":{"headers":{"creationTime":"2020-12-02T18:41:21+00:00","modifiedTime":"2021-03-11T20:17:19+00:00","timestamp":"2022-09-14T18:17:55+00:00"},"data":{"breadcrumbs":[{"name":"Academics & The Arts","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33662"},"slug":"academics-the-arts","categoryId":33662},{"name":"Study Skills & Test Prep","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33772"},"slug":"study-skills-test-prep","categoryId":33772},{"name":"Real Estate Licensure Exam","_links":{"self":"https://dummies-api.dummies.com/v2/categories/33793"},"slug":"real-estate-licensure-exam","categoryId":33793}],"title":"Real Estate License Exam: The Rectangular Survey System","strippedTitle":"real estate license exam: the rectangular survey system","slug":"real-estate-license-exam-the-rectangular-survey-system","canonicalUrl":"","seo":{"metaDescription":"Learn about the rectangular survey system and how land is broken up into quadrangles, sections, and townships in the United States. Township lines, which run east and west, parallel to baselines, are horizontal parallel lines that form township tiers. Congress created it in 1785 as a more straightforward, faster and more accurate way to identify land. Each one square mile section is 640 acres. These principal meridian lines are named or numbered to identify their location. Sections can be divided in several ways, but basically for purposes of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), they are divided in quarter sections.\r\n \t

Quarter sections: The divisions of a section, quarter sections, are formed by dividing a section into fourths that are delineated by their direction from the center of the section (northwestNW, northeastNE, southeastSE, and southwestSW). For example, a legal description of Missouri, Fifth Principal Meridian, T4S, R7E, sec 23 indicates a property that is 4 townships south and 7 townships east of the Fifth Principal Meridian in Missouri. The rectangular survey or government survey describes. Principal meridians, baselines, and where they intersect (cross each other) are used as the basis for formulating property descriptions in this system. For instance, a quarter section always contains 160 acres, or a fourth of the total 640 acres in a section. Some of our partners may process your data as a part of their legitimate business interest without asking for consent. Using the land noted on the image, a parcel could be defined as the West half of the Southeast quarter of Section 14 of Township 2 South, Range 3 West. Originally proposed by Thomas Jefferson, the PLSS began shortly after the Revolutionary War, when the Federal government became responsible for large areas west of the thirteen original colonies. Half sections have an area of 320 acres. [/caption]\r\n

Each half or quarter section can be further subdivided into halves and quarters. Half sections have an area of 320 acres. The rectangular survey describes property location as fractions of sections, which are part of townships, and provide distance measurements from principal meridians, base lines and range lines. The guide meridians occur every 24 miles east and west of the principal meridian. Concepts will include principal meridians, the PLSS, and how sections of a township are. Land is designated as either a base line (East-West) or principal meridian line (North-South). The system became official with the Land Ordinance Act of 1785. \"https://sb\" : \"http://b\") + \".scorecardresearch.com/beacon.js\";el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el);})();\r\n","enabled":true},{"pages":["all"],"location":"footer","script":"\r\n

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As mentioned above, basically you can think of the US as a huge checkerboard, with vertical and horizontal lines splitting it up. Standard parallels run east to west along with the baseline. Remember, there are 36 square miles in a township, and each section is 1 square mile. Think about two more lines running up and down the page on top of the first two lines, also about an inch apart. He teaches pre-licensing and continuing education courses for salespeople, brokers, and appraisers. 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This system has also become known as the rectangular survey system and geodetic survey system.. In reality, because of this earth curvature issue, many sections and townships vary from their exact area measurements. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Youre likely to see at least a few questions on the real estate license exams on calculating the area of part of a section, and youll also see questions about terminology and some of the measurements that the rectangular survey system uses. Pages 336 Then the numbering drops down to 13 and goes right to left again and so forth:

\r\n\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_274749\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"532\"] Townships are divided into 36 sections numbered consecutively. We have Quarter sections, Half sections, township sections, townships, quadrangles, and principal meridians with baselines. The numbering then moves from right to left across that first upper tier. Whenever properties have irregular boundaries, the land may be further described using one of the two other systems described in this section. The system is used to divide public lands into townships, sections, halves, and quarters.