From left, they are Sierra, Abigail, Devonte, Jeremiah, Markis and Hannah. Devonte even asked the neighbors to leave food in a box by the fence for him. Sarah had told colleagues that Jen struggled with depression and anxiety, and often stayed in bed to cry. Ed. Learn more about managing a memorial . A clinical sign of the Marcus Gunn phenomenon. This first-of-its-kind assistance program is designed for caregivers of a child or adult diagnosed with a rare disorder. she says. Are you sure that you want to remove this flower? Markis Hart Net Worth Her net worth has been growing significantly in 2020-2021. Their children were actively seen on Jennifer's Facebook posts and the Harts took them to concerts, music festivals, vacations and more. ", Jen answered for him: "We certainly hope he's not leaving.". Demirci H, Frueh BR, Nelson CC. Markis Hart. Plus, Jen had explained everything with such breezy confidence. I believe those kids are being highly abused." When such children are no longer exposed to their stressful environments and are receiving adequate nutrition, they often start to thrive, she said. In 1965, Beard advocated bilateral frontalis suspension with bilateral levator disabling. Add to your scrapbook. Am J Ophthalmol. If you have questions, please contact [emailprotected]. The Marcus Gunn phenomenon: loose canon of neuroophthalmology. They were black (black children are overrepresented in foster care and less likely to be adopted out of it), and it can be more difficult to find families willing to take on multiple siblings. The incidence of anisometropia is reported to be 5%25% (refractive difference between two eyes of 1.25 diopters of sphere or 1diopter of cylinder). I thought I would be able to go to work but I'm too sick to come in.". Boy in Viral Photo Was in Fatal Cliff Crash, But Body Remains Missing", "Hart family inquest: Information from SUV's 'black box' reveals new details about its fatal last trip", "Jury finds Hart family crash on Mendocino Coast was murder-suicide", "California coroner: Devonte Hart, teen previously reported missing after SUV crash, is dead", "Mendocino County Sheriff's Office releases Hart Family public records", "Before Wife Drove Her and Their Kids off a Cliff, Mom Expressed Regret Over Adopted Family", "Hart Family Coroner's Inquest Press Conference", http://cdn.cnn.com/cnn/2018/images/04/25/2013.07.23.cps-report_redacted, Priscilla Celestine v. Department of Family and Protective ServicesAppeal from 313th District Court of Harris County, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hart_family_murders&oldid=1142583763, This page was last edited on 3 March 2023, at 06:37. She still wanted to report what had happened, but her husband was reluctant to create drama with the new neighborsespecially after a years-long dispute with a previous owner over the property line. This, combined with the earlier incident with Hannah, made the DeKalbs report the Harts to both the police and to the Washington State Department of Social and Health Services (DSHS). The Oregon caseworkers report also showed that all but one of the kids had fallen off the growth chart for their ages, but the doctor didnt have any past medical records to compare them against and didnt have concerns, also noting the kids seemed very intelligent. Officials determined that while "there are some indications of child abuse or neglect," there wasn't enough data to prove that it had occurred. Medical experts say measuring a child's height and weight offers only a snapshot of a child's health. (While being questioned at the time, she volunteered that she'd stolen movies on an earlier occasion too.) Kodsi S. Marcu Gunn jaw winking with trigemino-abducens synkinesis. Sometimes "the motive can be around loyalty. A week after his initial defense of Jen and Sarah, as the accounts of abuse piled up, Ian Sperling returned to Facebook. "[29] Jennifer was very active on social media and used Facebook to project an image of a loving, happy family while also sharing her thoughts on race, politics, and trips the family went on. Clinical Neuromythology. None mentioned past episodes of abuse, and Markis said he was grateful for the moms for changing his life. One social worker noted that, with the exception of Devonte, the kids appeared very reserved and showed little emotion or animation., When it was their turn to speak to caseworkers, Jen and Sarah reported that Abigail had been labeled borderline mentally retarded (but said they didnt believe the diagnosis) and that Jeremiah was globally delayed, possibly even autistic. 2023 Cond Nast. "And you need to explain you just had a really bad week.". Danbury, CT 06810 [30] In 2010, Abigail said that she had "owies" on her back and stomach, stating that she felt threatened by the Harts. Superior rectus muscle resection: only in absence of inferior rectus muscle restriction. A Facebook photo of "mini Jackson Pollocks" Devonte, Sierra, and Jeremiah at home in 2013. One case reported in association with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome and the PHOX2B mutation (Basu, Neurology 2012), Mild ptosis with good levator function: Mller muscle and conjunctival resection, Fasanella-Servat procedure, or standard external levator resection, Moderate to severe ptosis with moderate to good levator function: External levator resection, Severe ptosis with moderate to good levator function: Super maximum (> 30 mm) levator resection or frontalis suspension, Severe ptosis with poor levator function: Frontalis suspension. Maybe it looked like the only way out. The 2013 Oregon medical evaluations showed all six children were the sizes of boys or girls many years younger than them. [31] Friends also stated that the children acted "scared to death of Jen" and likened them to "trained robots". HART, Marjorie Delores. Sperling says Jen called him crying"her stress level going through the roof." The exact cause of Marcus Gunn phenomenon is not known. Please enter your email and password to sign in. A combined superior rectus and inferior oblique palsy usually requires a Knapp procedure. Back in Minnesota, Jen stayed home with the kids while Sarah kept working in retail, eventually becoming a sales area manager at Herberger's. From left: Hannah, Abigail, Sierra, Jeremiah, Jen, Devonte, Markis, and Sarah Hart at a Bernie Sanders rally in Vancouver, Washington, in 2016. The coroner found diphenhydramine, an ingredient commonly found in allergy medicines like Benadryl, in the bodies of Sarah and two of the kids; Jen's blood alcohol content was over the legal limit. The deceased include parentsJennifer and Sarah Hart, both 39, and their adopted children:Markis Hart, 19; Jeremiah Hart, 14; and Abigail Hart, 14. [16][17] Members of Jennifer's and Sarah's families stated that the two women distanced themselves from them, although both families were accepting of their sexual orientation. But the photo from March 26 would not be like the other pictures taken on countless family road trips. (In April 2018, Oregon child welfare services issued a statement, saying they had made the records public in order to prevent a similar incident from happening again in Oregon or any other state.). Dana asked questionslots of themand after Devonte would leave, she'd type up notes on her phone. In 1972, Callahan proposed unilateral levator disabling with bilateral frontalis suspension. An aunt tried to adopt them and appealed when she lost the right to become their parent. (For more information on these disorders, choose Duane, or Retinitis Pigmentosa as your search term in the Rare Disease Database.). AAO, Focal Points: Congenital Ptosis. Please enter your email address and we will send you an email with a reset password code. "You need to tell these people you're sorry," Jen said. In 1980, Bullock discussed the complete extirpation of the levator muscle to the orbital apex. Phone: 617-249-7300, Danbury, CT office 2000;4:316-17. This flower has been reported and will not be visible while under review. By continuing to use this website, you agree to the Terms of Service & Privacy Policy. Jennifer and Sarah adopt siblings Markis, Hannah, and Abigail from Colorado County, Texas. Washington, DC 20036 No animated GIFs, photos with additional graphics (borders, embellishments. Once, at the Beloved Festival in the coastal woods, Devonte stole the show when he hugged a musician onstage. Use the links under See more to quickly search for other people with the same last name in the same cemetery, city, county, etc. He asked the DeKalbs to place these items in a box by the fence in a place where his moms couldn't see. In a statement after their deaths, she said Jen ran the family "like a regimented boot camp," not letting the kids cry and punishing them for laughing too loudly. Hannah reportedly pleaded, "Don't make me go back! There was a problem getting your location. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. The doctor's notes about each child were written on the day she examined them. But when she rang the bell minutes later, no one answered, so she left her card in the door. After the neighbors complained, Washington state child protective services opened an investigation on March 23 and reportedly tried to reach the family three times, but they were already on the road. His siblings were killed when the Hart familys van went off a cliff. Dana asked if she could have a moment alone with Hannah, but Jen declined: "We do everything as a family," she said. Zippy Lomax was quoted in The Oregonian as saying, "Jen and Sarah were the kind of parents this world desperately needs. And what, if anything, can we learn from the fall? "I was obsessed," she says. [20] A week before their first three children were due to arrive, the Harts dropped the girl off at a scheduled therapist appointment. Landau WM. The Hart family murders was a murdersuicide which took place on March 26, 2018, in Mendocino County, California, United States. Oxford University Press, London, UK; 1990:604-05. Hannahs teeth were missing, Jen continued, because she'd knocked them out in a fall and didn't want them replaced. What if Hannah was a kid with a troubled past who lied to get attention? The neighbors also claimedin May 2017, one of the girls rang their doorbell at 1:30 a.m. She was at our door in a blanket saying we needed to protect her, Bruce DeKalb said. Difference in eyelid height measurement without and with the jaw properly fixated. ", After their move to Washington, Sperling made plans to hang out with the Hart family, but they canceled at the last moment. Now CPS was on the case in a third state. You need a Find a Grave account to continue. 3rd ed. (The Harts changed the spellings of the younger childrens names.) She went to work, home and, church," she says. Some clinical researchers believe that about half of the cases of Marcus Gunn phenomenon are genetically determined. They didn't want anyone in their business," says former police sergeant Larry Dailey, who interviewed the Harts that day. The following fall they were reenrolled. Once they did come out as a couple, "the Midwestern mind-set was relentlessly unforgiving and unaccepting," she said in a Facebook post, claiming that shed lost friends as a result. He fought often over his parts of two seasons with the Flyers, who claimed . Phone: 203-263-9938 In 2006, Abigail, Hannah and Markis, who are all siblings, were adopted. One allegation of child abuse from 2013 touched upon Jennifer's use of Facebook, saying that "the kids pose and are made to look like one big happy family, but after the photo event, they go back to looking lifeless. When authorities became involved, all children claimed that they had been spanked constantly and deprived of food. Determining whether the children were malnourished would require previous records to see to what extent a child had grown, said Dr. Jeffrey Blomze, a Pennsylvania pediatrician who has testified during child abuse trials. "It has to be the agency. Markis Hart had the equivalent of 19 doses of Benadryl in his system, and the other children had similar levels, according to evidence presented at the inquest. Wong JF, Theriault JF, Bouzouaya C, Codere F. Marcus Gunn jaw-winking phenomenon: a new supplemental test in the preoperative evaluation. He could have jaw deformities. "So much joy in new life" reads her last entry. [5], Jennifer attended Huron High School. Anchor distal edge of levator to the superior arcus marginalis. Weve updated the security on the site. Authorities have said evidence . She is from . A system error has occurred. Failed to report flower. With the Harts, the narrative was, "You saved them, awesome," according to family friend Ian Sperling. 11pp. As for the hardest questionwhy?we may never have a satisfying answer. Enraged commenters trawled through Jens YouTube videosincluding a birthday trip for Sarah in which every moment appears to be choreographed and another where four kids sing along to one of Nahkos songs, with the chorus, We are so provided for., Adding outrage to the discourse was the fact the kids had been removed from their black families and placed with white parents who were deemed more fit. Instruction Courses and Skills Transfer Labs, Program Participant and Faculty Guidelines, LEO Continuing Education Recognition Award, What Practices Are Saying About the Registry, Provider Enrollment, Chain and Ownership System (PECOS), Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Directory, Subspecialty/Specialized Interest Society Meetings, Minority Ophthalmology Mentoring Campaign, Global Programs and Resources for National Societies, Patient-Reported Outcomes with LASIK Symptoms and Satisfaction, Oculofacial Plastic Surgery Education Center, Patient management: treatment and follow-up, Preventing and managing treatment complications, International Society of Refractive Surgery, Usually sporadic with no inheritance pattern, Accounts for 2%13% of congenital ptosis cases (Demirci, Ophthalmol 2010), 0.22 age- and gender-adjusted incidence per 100,000, Can be associated with strabismus or double-elevator palsy, Can occur with slightly increased frequency on left side, Rare reported cases of bilateral or alternating jaw-wink (Sobel, OPRS 2014). "Bruce doesn't do confrontation," she says. Jen was a "narcissist," Sarah an "enabler." So they did what they'd done before: They ran. The risk of passing the abnormal gene from affected parent to offspring is 50% for each pregnancy regardless of the sex of the resulting child. According toABC News, authorities believe he was thrown out of the car. Jen and Sarah continued to use their family to attract attention. Dry eyes: important if contemplating ptosis surgery. Authorities interviewed Jennifer and Sarah, who said they weren't sure how it happened. ), The caseworkers report noted that Jen was "adamant that many of the family's issues stemmed from others not understanding [their] alternative lifestyle. (Jen said she only disciplined the kids by talking to them or making them meditate for five minutes.) She said she believed she'd have a home with the Harts until she turned 18, but then the women dropped her off at her therapist's office and never returned. Other related eye problems such as strabismus, amblyopia, etc., may be corrected with eyeglasses, surgery and/or drugs. Thank you for enabling everyone to live this moment again through your video.. This is a carousel with slides. In a quiet moment, Sperling told Sarah that she seemed worn down. Are you adding a grave photo that will fulfill this request? Back then, he saw the couple as "overachievers," out to prove something to the world. Jennifer Hart and her wife, Sarah Hart, murdered their six adopted children: Ciera (aged 12), Abigail (14), Jeremiah (14), Devonte (15), Hannah (16), and Markis (19) when Jennifer intentionally drove the family's sport utility vehicle off a cliff. Other major symptoms may include disturbances involving the nervous and muscle (neuromuscular) systems, congenital (present at birth) malformations such as cleft palate, other facial deformities, malformation of the hands and feet, shortened limbs and various degrees of mental retardation. [7] According to her father, Jennifer was not initially raised as a Lutheran but was baptized as one. 18008 Bothell Everett Hwy SE # F, Bothell, WA 98012. emedicine. That afternoon a CPS worker coming to visit the Hart house saw Jen's Yukon pull into the driveway. Last updated: The presiding judge for that court was Patrick Shelton, who is now retired. Failed to remove flower. "Once you're in the system, it's easier to go back to parents who are already proven." "When love is your guide," Jen wrote on Facebook, where she openly discussed the "immense challenges" of being a gay couple in middle America, "anything is possible.". "There was nothing about the way Jen was presenting their life that seemed at all at odds with my understanding of who they were," says Zippy Lomax, a festival friend who took pictures of the family. Oops, something didn't work. Parents are rarely accepting of this approach. [11][19] After their biological mother, Sherry Davis,[25] lost custody due to substance abuse problems in August 2006,[19] the Davis children were given to their paternal aunt, Priscilla Celestine, under the condition that they have no contact with their biological mother. Include gps location with grave photos where possible. [33][11] The bodies of five of the children (Hannah, Markis, Jeremiah, Abigail, and Ciera) were found in or near the vehicle, which had landed upside down on a beach below the cliff. Other than a ripped-open bag of chicken feed on the living room floor and some clothing strewn on the mothers' bed, investigators found the home's interior orderly to the point of seeming "sterile." Beard C. In: Ptosis. To revisit this article, select My Account, thenView saved stories. The diagnosis is obvious and is often made by one or both of the parents who become aware of the major symptom during feeding. "When I bring up this case in the professional community, there is a heaviness," Dinwoodie says. Marcus-Gun jaw-winking phenomenon: a new supplemental test in the preoperative evaluation. [28] The image became known as the "hug felt 'round the world. She was alone and maybe 25 pounds heavier than friends had ever seen her. The following day, Jennifer attempted to explain the incident by claiming that Hannah was lying, that the children occasionally acted out because they were "drug babies," and that Hannah's biological mother was bipolar. Surgery of the Eyelid, Orbit, and Lacrimal System. Becoming a Find a Grave member is fast, easy and FREE. Community Rules apply to all content you upload or otherwise submit to this site. Variable degrees of synkinetic upper-eyelid retraction on jaw movement; worse in down gaze. Medical records, not parent's statements, are the key to knowing whether a child is truly healthy, Cooper said. Rare cases can involve the internal pterygoid muscle fibers or other muscle groups (Davis, Eye 2004). 2001;131:148-50. "She was a master poster," a friend recalls. ", Child welfare visited the West Linn house in August of 2013, just weeks after the family returned from the Beloved festival, and interviewed each of the siblings separately (though the moms were initially hesitant about this arrangement). Ed. A message left for a Providence spokesperson has not been returned. Was the image a symbolic moment of racial healing oras Alex Riedlinger, a Portland photographer who'd witnessed the moment, noted on Tumblrsemi-staged theater? Use Escape keyboard button or the Close button to close the carousel. "She sold it well," Dana recalls. Later Jen would describe on Facebook how she purposely called Sarah her "friend" or her "roommate" back then. Although it has been suggested that jaw winking improves over time, it is more likely that patients stop seeking care as they get older or learn to compensate for and mask the wink response. Considering the history of abuse, the video is disturbing. [36] A fourteen-member coroner's jury unanimously ruled the case a murdersuicide. In response to questions from The Appeal about how the Harts were allowed to adopt Devonte, Jermiah, and Ciera after an allegation of child abuse had already been made against them, he pointed to the lack of criminal charges in Minnesota. Eventually, Dana would learn that Hannah was actually 16. Then she and Jennifer would not have adopted the children. This browser does not support getting your location. One Unthinkable Tragedy. "I'm like, 'Shit's getting real,'" Dana says. ' There is also a history of abuse from one of the parents. cemeteries found in will be saved to your photo volunteer list. The incidence of anisometropia is reported to be 5%-25% (refractive difference between two eyes of 1.25 diopters of sphere or 1 diopter of cylinder). In the spring of 2008, they took in three more foster kids: five-year-old Devonte and his younger siblings, Jermiah, four, and Ciera, three. Someone from the county sheriff's office called the DeKalbs to ask whether there had been more incidents, and Dana explained what she had observed: The kids were almost always indoors. He has been missing after an SUV he and his family were in went off a cliff near Mendocino in Northern California on March 26. or don't show this againI am good at figuring things out. Cooper said it's not likely that all six children would all have medical conditions that explain their extremely small bodies. Less than an hour later, Dana saw Sarah's Sunfire tear up the driveway to the house. Shown from left are Markis, Hannah, Sierra, Jeremiah, Devonte and Abigail. Eds. "Because of pressure from the states [for permanent homes for foster kids], adoption does become transactional," says April Dinwoodie, former chief executive of the New York Citybased Donaldson Adoption Institute, who is familiar with cases like the Harts'. There's a FedEx delivery notice stuck on Hart's front door. [34][33][37] The inquest was called to determine cause of death, but not any responsibility in the civil or criminal fields. All rights reserved (About Us). Are you sure that you want to delete this photo? In 2009, another trio of siblings were adopted, Sierra, Jeremiah and Devonte this means the Harts were able to adopt. The Hart children spent their lives on the radars of state child welfare systems. So what led Jen to drive her family off a California highway to their deaths? Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. Though Sarah wasn't as active on social media, Jen often posted glowing tributes to her wife on their wedding anniversary or screenshots of text conversations in which Sarah played cheerleader to Jen's traveling and pet-adopting whims. Subscribe now to our new podcast, Broken Harts, based on this story and available soon on Apple, Google, Spotify, or your favorite podcast player. The couple walked outside to meet the onslaughtDana's voice trembling; her husband Bruce looking on stoically. McKusick VA, Ed. ", The California coastline where the wreckage of the Hart family was found on March 26, 2018, A month and a half after the crash, Dana DeKalb wades through knee-high prairie grass to reach the house next door. The abnormal gene can be inherited from either parent, or can be the result of a new mutation (gene change) in the affected individual. A slew of investigators began trawling through the remnants of the Harts' life, combing through the moms' phones and social media accounts, and searching their house. How Black Female Surfers Maintain Their Hair While Reclaiming the Ocean, Taylor Lautner Wishes He Could Change One Thing About His Relationship With Taylor Swift, Penn Badgley Loves His Wife Too Much to Do Sex Scenes in, Jason Kelce and His Wife Kylie: All About Their Adorable Family. It was Jen's last name the couple used as their own. A Look Inside the Perfect Hart Family. For memorials with more than one photo, additional photos will appear here or on the photos tab. In some cases, symptoms may be produced by movement of the lips, whistling, smiling, clenching the teeth, chewing, puffing out the cheeks, or swallowing. Sarah, at left, and Jen Hart celebrating their eighteenth anniversary in 2017. Mystery surrounds family that plunged off California cliff", "Two White Moms. The major symptom of this disorder is the rapid and involuntary upward movement of the affected eyelid after almost any movement of the lower jaw. Vol. The family as they appeared on Jen Hart's perfectly curated Facebook feed (3/3): The six Hart children strike their trademark pose at Fort Stevens State Park in Hammond, Oregon, in 2013. Dana DeKalb is an earthy 58-year-old who tracks her steps with a Samsung smartwatch when she's not chatting into it with her two grown children. "I'm to the point where I no longer am calling this as an accident," the county sheriff declared 10 days later. Both informants agreed that the only kid who got any proper attention was Devonte. These activities cause the eyelid to move up and down. 3rd ed. Approximately 300 cases have been reported in the medical literature. Ad Choices, Two White Moms. Sierra was adopted by the Harts with her biological older brothers, Jeremiah and Devonte. In 1883, jaw wink was first described by Marcus Gunn. She reemerged in the spring of 2017, writing, "This. Management of Marcus Gunn jaw winking synkinesis. Your new password must contain one or more uppercase and lowercase letters, and one or more numbers or special characters. Blaydon SM. School officials said they saw the Hart children scrounging for food from the garbage or classmates so often that they stopped telling their parents because they did not want the children to be disciplined. Yet the case worker wrote in her notes that "being adopted, no medical history is known for each child.". I noticed when he was younger it was there but hard to tell and as he aged it got worse. Four of her five siblings who lived in West Linn with their adoptive parents also appeared much younger than they were. The family often wore matching T-shirts. In later conversations with Devonte, he told them that his adoptive mothers withheld food as punishment and that the children were sometimes abused. J Craniomaxillofac Surg. She looked much younger.) "There was nothing [in that call] that said I better go up there, says County Sergeant Brent Waddell. ", In the three months the new neighbors had lived next door, the DeKalbs had never seen any kids in yard, but they'd exchanged a quick hello with Sarah Hart when she jumped out of her car to introduce herself. Our condolences go out to everyone affected by this tragedy. "At the time," he says with remorse, "you're just happy they're human.". Chromosomes, which are present in the nucleus of human cells, carry the genetic information for each individual. Incise levator aponeurosis from anterior tarsal plate. Found more than one record for entered Email, You need to confirm this account before you can sign in. After Sarah graduated in 2002, Jennifer left the university without graduating. If you notice a problem with the translation, please send a message to [emailprotected] and include a link to the page and details about the problem. I don't hear that very often." Periorbital or head trauma suggests aberrant III nerve regeneration if accompanied by bizarre extraocular movements and diplopia. However, the investigators did find a pipe and a jar of Purple Widow cannabisa strain thought to mellow depressionand a refrigerator stocked with lunch meat, fresh beef, hot dogs, and chicken. A friend recalls Jen Hart, who often used the social media platform as a way to communicate familial bliss, as a "master poster.". Ian Sperlings wife went through Jens Facebook posts, spotting one of the kids posing in front of their artwork, and noticed that there isn't any paint on the kids' brushes. [38] The California Highway Patrol stated that criminal prosecution was not possible due to the deaths of any responsible parties. The site and nature of the gene(s) at fault in this disorder are not known, but familial studies indicate that it is transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Hannah Scott, Ph.D., a professor of criminology at the University of Ontario Institute of Technology, may be the only one who is not surprised by the disparity between the Harts public and private lives. (Twelve? [5] State government reports stated that the couple cut off contact with their relatives because of criticism about their parenting. Superior rectus or double elevator palsy can be present, as for any case of congenital ptosis. The finding of the jury was that the deaths were as follows: Jennifer Hart - Suicide. state. 1999 . Yoshikata R, Yanai A. ("It felt like mean girl gossiplike, 'Ugh, she's the worst,'" Smith says.) The material on this site may not be reproduced, distributed, transmitted, cached or otherwise used, except with the prior written permission of Cond Nast. Sarah and Jennifer Hart adopted their six children from foster care in Texas. Year. ), In early 2009, even though Priscilla CelestineDevonte, Jeremiah, and Sierras aunthad been fighting for custody for more than two years, the women adopted the siblings. At the time of the 2013 investigation, all of the children had lived with the Hart parents for at least five years. ", She told the DeKalbs they'd moved to Washingtonto a place with a grazing pasture and a hen housebecause it had been the kids' dream to raise animals, grow their own food, and be "self-sufficient." That girl, now in her late twenties, told The Seattle Times that she lived with the Harts for less than a year and never ate out of the trash.
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